Sociality of Enforced Waiting in Rwanda's Postgenocide Legal Architecture
Published online on February 28, 2017
Abstract
This article brings together recent anthropological scholarship on waiting as a social and political practice and on legal forums and social repair. Based on ethnographic fieldwork in Rwanda between 2004 and 2008 with gacaca (grassroots genocide courts) and comite y'abunzi (mediation committees), this article asks: What practices of sociality are produced through enforced waiting in legal forums, and what does waiting reveal about legal architectures and social reconstruction? I argue that the legal architecture of postgenocide Rwanda produced enforced waiting as an integral part of people's engagement with grassroots legal forums. This enforced waiting combined state surveillance and control with generative forms of social engagements, and thus was a practice central to how people reshaped relationships with one another and with the state. The simultaneously generative and oppressive dimensions of waiting could unsettle the temporal grounding of the legal architecture itself—characterized by linearity, rupture, and boundedness—which draws attention to the processual nature of social repair. Analytic attention to the sociality of waiting in legal architectures is particularly important as people increasingly interface with legal and quasi‐legal grassroots institutions around the world, whether in the name of transitional justice, alternative dispute resolution, or customary law.