Objective To describe major findings on posttraumatic growth (PTG) in cancer, by analyzing its various definitions, assessment tools, and examining its main psychological and clinical correlates. Methods A search in relevant databases (PsycINFO, Pubmed, ProQuest, Scopus and Web of Science) was performed using descriptors related to the positive reactions in cancer. Articles were screened by title, abstract and full‐text. Results Seventy‐two met the inclusion criteria. Most articles (46%) focused on breast cancer, used the Post‐traumatic Growth Inventory (76%), and had a cross‐sectional design (68%). PTG resulted inversely associated with depressive and anxious symptoms, and directly related to hope, optimism, spirituality and meaning. Illness‐related variables have been poorly investigated compared to psychological ones. Articles found no relationship between cancer site, cancer surgery, cancer recurrence and PTG. Some correlations emerged with the elapsed time since diagnosis, type of oncological treatment received and cancer stage. Only few Studies differentiated illness‐related life threatening stressors from other forms of trauma, and the potentially different mechanisms connected with PTG outcome in cancer patients. Conclusions The evaluation of PTG in cancer patients is worthy, since it may promote a better adaption to the illness. However, many investigations do not explicitly refer to the medical nature of the trauma, and they may have not completely captured the full spectrum of positive reactions in cancer patients. Future research should better investigate issues such as health attitudes; the risks of future recurrences; and the type, quality, and efficacy of medical treatments received and their influence on PTG in cancer patients.