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Glycans in the intestinal peptide transporter PEPT1 contribute to function and protect from proteolysis

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AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology

Published online on

Abstract

Despite the fact that many membrane proteins carry extracellular glycans, little is known about whether the glycan chains also affect protein function. We recently demonstrated that the proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) in the intestine is glycosylated at six asparagine residues (N50, N406, N439, N510, N515, N532). Mutagenesis-induced disruption of the individual N-glycosylation site N50, which is highly conserved among mammals, was detected to significantly enhance the PEPT1 mediated inward transport of peptides. Here, we show for the murine protein, that the inhibition of glycosylation at sequon N50 by substituting N50 with glutamine, lysine or cysteine, or by replacing S52 with alanine, equally altered PEPT1 transport kinetics in oocytes. Further, we provide evidence that the uptake of [14C]-glycyl-sarcosine in immortalized murine small intestinal (Mode-K) or colonic epithelial (PTK-6) cells stably expressing the PEPT1 transporter N50Q is also significantly increased relative to the wild type protein. By using electrophysiological recordings and tracer flux studies, we further demonstrate that the rise in transport velocity observed for PEPT1 N50Q is bidirectional. In line with these findings, we show that attachment of biotin derivatives, comparable in weight to 2-4 monosaccharides, to the PEPT1 N50C transporter slows down the transport velocity. In addition, our experiments provide strong evidence that glycosylation of PEPT1 confers resistance against proteolytic cleavage by proteinase K, while a remarkable intrinsic stability against trypsin, even in absence of N-linked glycans, was detected.