MetaTOC stay on top of your field, easily

Loss of the anion exchanger DRA (Slc26a3), or PAT1 (Slc26a6), alters sulfate transport by the distal ileum and overall sulfate homeostasis

,

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology

Published online on

Abstract

The ileum is considered the primary site of inorganic sulfate (SO42-) absorption. In the present study, we explored the contributions of the apical chloride/bicarbonate (Cl-/HCO3-) exchangers DRA (Slc26a3), and PAT1 (Slc26a6), to the underlying transport mechanism. Transepithelial 35SO42- and 36Cl- fluxes were determined across isolated, short-circuited segments of the distal ileum from wild-type (WT), DRA-knockout (KO) and PAT1-KO mice, together with measurements of urine and plasma sulfate. The WT distal ileum supported net sulfate absorption (197.37 ± 13.61 nmol/cm2/h), but neither DRA nor PAT1 directly contributed to the unidirectional mucosal-to-serosal flux (JmsSO4), which was sensitive to serosal (but not mucosal) DIDS, dependent on Cl-, and regulated by cAMP. However, the absence of DRA significantly enhanced net sulfate absorption by one-third via a simultaneous rise in JmsSO4 and a 30 % reduction to the secretory s-to-m flux (JsmSO4). We propose that DRA, together with PAT1, contribute to JsmSO4 by mediating sulfate efflux across the apical membrane. Associated with increased ileal sulfate absorption in vitro, plasma sulfate was 61 % greater, and urinary sulfate excretion (USO4) 2.2-fold higher, in DRA-KO mice compared to WT controls, while USO4 was increased 1.8-fold in PAT1-KO mice. These alterations to sulfate homeostasis could not be accounted for by any changes to renal sulfate handling suggesting the source of this additional sulfate was intestinal. In summary, we characterized transepithelial sulfate fluxes across the mouse distal ileum demonstrating that DRA (and to a lesser extent, PAT1), secrete sulfate with significant implications for intestinal sulfate absorption and overall homeostasis.