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Relationship of Gastric Emptying or Accommodation with Satiation, Satiety and Postprandial Symptoms in Health

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AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology

Published online on

Abstract

The contributions of gastric emptying (GE) and gastric accommodation (GA) to satiation, satiety, and postprandial symptoms remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between GA or GE with satiation, satiety, and postprandial symptoms in healthy overweight or obese volunteers (total n=285, 73% females, mean BMI 33.5kg/m2): 26 prospectively studied obese, otherwise healthy participants and 259 healthy subjects with previous similar GI testing. We assessed GE of solids, gastric volumes, calorie intake at buffet meal, satiation by measuring volume to comfortable fullness (VTF) and maximum tolerated volume (MTV) using Ensure® nutrient drink test (30mL/min), and symptoms 30 minutes after MTV. Relationships between GE or GA with satiety, satiation, and symptoms were analyzed using Spearman's rank (Rs) and Pearson (R) linear correlation coefficients. We found a higher volume to comfortable fullness during satiation test correlated with a higher calorie intake at ad libitum buffet meal (Rs=0.535; p<0.001). There was a significant inverse correlation between GE T1/2 and volume to fullness (Rs= -0.317; p<0.001) and the calorie intake at buffet meal (Rs= -0.329; p<0.001), and an inverse correlation between GE Tlag and GE25% emptied with volume to fullness (Rs= -0.273, p<0.001and Rs= -0.248, p<0.001, respectively). GE T1/2 was significantly associated with satiation (MTV; R= -0.234; p<0.0001), nausea (R=0.145; p=0.023), pain (R=0.149; p=0.012), and higher aggregate symptom score (R=0.132; p=0.026). There was no significant correlation between GA and satiation, satiety, postprandial symptoms or GE. We concluded that GE of solids, rather than GA, is associated with postprandial symptoms, satiation and satiety in healthy participants.