Although there is preliminary evidence that inhibitory control training improves impulsive eating, less is known about the effects on eating behaviour and weight loss in clinical samples. Sixty‐nine treatment‐seeking adults with obesity (binge‐eating disorder 33.3%; other specific feeding and eating disorders 40.6%) were randomly blockwise allocated to ImpulsE, an intervention to improve inhibitory control and emotion regulation abilities or a guideline‐appropriate cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)‐based treatment as usual. Self‐reported and performance‐based impulsivity, eating disorder pathology and BMI were compared at baseline (T1), post‐treatment (T2) and 1‐ or 3‐month follow‐up. ImpulsE led to better food‐specific inhibition performance (p = .004), but groups did not differ regarding improvements in global Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) score at T2. At 3‐month follow‐up, binge eaters benefited most from ImpulsE (p = .028) and completers of ImpulsE demonstrated a significantly greater weight reduction (p = .030). The current findings propose ImpulsE as a promising approach to treat obesity, illustrating acceptability and additional benefits for course of weight. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.