--- - "\nAbstract\n\nProblem\nInappropriate activation of the immune system, particularly the imbalance of T‐helper type 17 (Th17)/regulatory T (Treg) cells is thought to play considerable roles in preeclampsia (PE). To investigate the probable effects of the adaptive immune system in the pathophysiology of PE, we analyzed the dynamic changes of Th17/Treg cells, cytokines profile, and transcription pattern of Th17/Treg‐related genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) in 50 women suffering from PE in comparison with 50 healthy pregnant women.\n\n\nMethods\nExpressions of cytokines, specific transcription factors, and related miRNAs were measured by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to test the interleukin (IL)‐17, IL‐23, IL‐6, and IL‐10 and transforming growth factor β in serum and supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The frequency of Th17 and Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry.\n\n\nResults\nPE patients exhibited a decreased number of Treg cells (p = 0.006), while Th17 cells were increased (\np = 0.004). Forkhead box P3 and \nIL‐10 mRNA expressions were reduced (\np = 0.0001 and 0.0028, respectively), while expressions of retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan nuclear receptor γt, IL‐17, IL‐23, and IL‐6 were enhanced (\np < 0.0001, 0.0018, 0.0014, and 0.027, respectively). ELISA results also showed increased levels of IL‐6, IL‐17, and IL‐23 (\np = 0.022, 0.0005, 0.0081, respectively), and decreased levels of IL‐10 in the supernatant of PBMCs of PE patients compared with control group (\np = 0.0011). There was significant upregulation of miR‐106b and miR‐326 (\np = 0.0048 and 0.028, respectively) in PE patients in comparison with the control group.\n\n\nConclusions\nThese findings suggest that imbalance of Th17/Treg cells, regulated possibly via microRNAs, may be involved in the pathogenesis of PE, emphasizing on the importance of these cells in feto‐maternal immune cross‐talk.\n" - Journal of Cellular Physiology, EarlyView.