--- - |2 Abstract In this functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study, we measured brain activity during the recognition of congruence between one's action and its visual feedback (vFB) in an experimental environment with few spatial limitations. We manipulated (a) action–category congruence, during which participants performed either a precision grip or a full grip on an object and observed the picture of either a precision grip or a full grip as vFB; and (b) spatial–position congruence, during which participants’ actions were performed either on an object located in the front (i.e., a vFB presented on a monitor spatially overlapping the participant's hand) or to the right (spatially non‐overlapped). There was a significant increase in oxy‐hemoglobin concentration in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the category‐match condition compared with the category‐mismatch condition. However, no significant effect related to the spatial position was found. The results suggest that right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity is modulated by cognitive processes associated with the matching of the action category between one's action and its vFB in natural environments with few spatial limitations. - Japanese Psychological Research, Volume 60, Issue 4, Page 288-299, October 2018.