--- - |2+ Abstract Purpose Brain tumor has been found to have a major impact on children's quality of life (QOL); yet, the subjective impact of the illness is still not well understood. This review aimed to investigate factors related to children's subjective well‐being (SWB), or self‐reported QOL and mental health after brain tumor. A further aim was to determine the consistency between child and parent‐proxy ratings of children's SWB and common factors associated with both child and parent‐proxy ratings. Methods A systematic search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, and Scopus was conducted from 1980 to May 2018 to identify eligible studies. Methodological quality of these studies was assessed by 2 independent reviewers. Results Twenty studies investigated factors related to children's self‐reported mental health or QOL. Fourteen studies examined these factors from the perspectives of both children and their parents. Overall, risk factors for poor QOL included infratentorial tumors, radiation, hydrocephalus, lower IQ, and behavioral problems. Only 5 studies examined mental health outcomes, the findings of which were mixed. Relatively few studies examined psychosocial variables related to children's SWB. Conclusions Although several risk factors for poor QOL were identified, further research investigating mental health outcomes and the influence of psychosocial factors on children's SWB is needed to guide support interventions for pediatric brain tumor. - Psycho-Oncology, Volume 27, Issue 10, Page 2317-2326, October 2018.