--- - |2+ Abstract Objective Smoking poses significant health risks to cancer survivors. Cancer survivorship may heighten psychological distress and reduce social support and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) for years after diagnosis, which could inhibit long‐term successful smoking cessation. Understanding longitudinal associations between these psychosocial characteristics and successful cessation could help clinicians tailor cessation interventions for their patients. Methods Time‐to‐event analyses using data from the American Cancer Society Study of Cancer Survivors‐I (SCS‐I)—a longitudinal nationwide study—examined the relationship of psychosocial characteristics with cessation likelihood and amount of time from diagnosis to quitting in cancer survivors diagnosed 7 to 10 years prior. Results Cancer survivors with high physical HRQOL were more likely to quit smoking within 10 years from cancer diagnosis than survivors with low physical HRQOL, controlling for cancer type and number of comorbid conditions at baseline (HR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.10‐2.70; P = .02). Survivors with high physical HRQOL also took less time to quit than survivors with low physical HRQOL. Survivors of tobacco‐related cancers with low physical HRQOL were the least likely group to quit. No significant relationships between other psychosocial predictors and cessation outcomes were observed. Conclusions Smoking cessation programs are needed for all cancer survivors who smoke, but survivors with low physical HRQOL 1 year after diagnosis may need more intensive long‐term smoking cessation interventions with multiple check‐in points after smoking relapses. Cessation interventions that include strategies to mitigate physical symptoms in those with poor physical HRQOL deserve consideration in research and practice. - Psycho-Oncology, Volume 27, Issue 10, Page 2458-2465, October 2018.