["\nAbstract\n\nAim\nMRP2 is an intestinal ABC transporter that prevents the absorption of dietary xenobiotics. The aims of this work were: (1) to evaluate whether a short‐term regulation of intestinal MRP2 barrier function takes place in vivo after luminal incorporation of nutrients and (2) to explore the underlying mechanism.\n\n\nMethods\nMRP2 activity and localization were assessed in an in vivo rat model with preserved irrigation and innervation. Nutrients were administered into distal jejunum. After 30‐minutes treatments, MRP2 activity was assessed in proximal jejunum by quantifying the transport of the model substrate 2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐S‐glutathione. MRP2 localization was determined by quantitative confocal microscopy. Participation of extracellular mediators was evaluated using selective inhibitors and by immunoneutralization. Intracellular pathways were explored in differentiated Caco‐2 cells.\n\n\nResults\nOleic acid, administered intraluminally at dietary levels, acutely stimulated MRP2 insertion into brush border membrane. This was associated with increased efflux activity and, consequently, enhanced barrier function. Immunoneutralization of the gut hormone glucagon‐like peptide‐2 (GLP‐2) prevented oleic acid effect on MRP2, demonstrating the participation of this trophic factor as a main mediator. Further experiments using selective inhibitors demonstrated that extracellular adenosine synthesis and its subsequent binding to enterocytic A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) take place downstream GLP‐2. Finally, studies in intestinal Caco‐2 cells revealed the participation of A2BAR/cAMP/PKA intracellular pathway, ultimately leading to increased MRP2 localization in apical domains.\n\n\nConclusion\nThese findings reveal an on‐demand, acute regulation of MRP2‐associated barrier function, constituting a novel physiological mechanism of protection against the absorption of dietary xenobiotics in response to food intake.\n\n", "Acta Physiologica, Volume 230, Issue 4, December 2020. "]