["Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, Volume 61, Issue 2, Page 564-573, June 2022. ", "\nAbstract\nA large body of evidence has connected religiosity and spirituality to well‐being, especially during the crucial adolescent years. This study examines whether trait reactance, a personality predisposition to resist external influences and threats to one's freedom, moderates the links between religiosity/spirituality, self‐esteem, and well‐being over the course of adolescence. We test these interactive effects with survey data from a nationally representative sample of children aged 13–17 (N = 419). Our results indicate that religiosity/spirituality is generally related to higher levels of self‐esteem and that self‐esteem positively relates to happiness. However, the relationship between religiosity/spirituality and self‐esteem changes as a function of both age and trait reactance. Among young adolescents (14 years of age), lower reactance and lower religiosity/spirituality are associated with lower self‐esteem, and among older adolescents (17 years of age), higher reactance and higher religiosity/spirituality are associated with the highest levels of self‐esteem.\n"]