Circumferential impulse microturbine is a key component of the micro-electro-mechanical system and provides power to the latter. An innovative concept of microturbine power generation system was presented, and prototype improved circumferential impulse microturbine power generation systems were developed, and their output performances were tested. It is validated that the system can operate at a high speed in a dynamic equilibrium state using rolling bearings, and it is found that the output power and rotational speed of a six-blade turbine hollow-cup coil structure is higher than the output power and rotational speed of a six-blade turbine iron-core coil structure. The maximum output power of the eight-blade turbine hollow-cup coil power generation system is 1.1 W, and the maximum turbine rotational speed is 55,000 r/min. The maximum output power of the eight-blade turbine hollow-cup coil system increases up to 25% when compared to the six-blade turbine hollow-cup coil system and increases up to 83% when compared to the six-blade turbine iron-core coil system.