This study investigated the relationship between supervisory working alliance (SWA) and successful client outcomes in the state/federal vocational rehabilitation counseling system and supervision practices associated with SWA. Rehabilitation counselors (N = 166) from five randomly selected rehabilitation counseling programs participated in an electronic survey. Existence of a supervision contract, regularly scheduled contact with supervisor, and the counselors’ rating of importance of supervision were found to be positively associated with SWA among new counselors. Implications of findings for rehabilitation counselors will be discussed.