Based on Moos and Holahan’s "Coping With Chronic Illness and Disability" model, we examined the contribution of medical impairment, illness perception, sense of coherence (SOC), relationship with the professional team, and adherence to treatment to the psychosocial adaptation (social adjustment and life satisfaction) of young adults with cystic fibrosis (CF). We also examined adherence, an important goal in and of itself for patients with CF. Seventy-one participants completed the following questionnaires: Social Adjustment, Life Satisfaction, Perceived Illness Severity, SOC, Relationship With Team, and Compliance. The legal criteria for medical impairment were also examined. Findings indicate that female patients and patients with high SOC reported better psychosocial adaptation. Participants with more severe medical impairments reported higher levels of adherence, and those who perceived their illness to be less severe reported lower levels of adherence and greater satisfaction in life. Relationship with the team was found to contribute to social adjustment. Psychosocial adaptation is associated with internal and external resources, but not necessarily with adherence to treatment. The rehabilitation counselor’s role is, therefore, to help adults with CF bridge between the contrasting dimensions of their lives, namely adherence to strict treatment protocols and psychosocial adaptation.