Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) affects small- and medium-sized vessels of the extremities via a non-atherosclerotic inflammatory process in the elderly. Although diagnostic criteria have been determined, only a few studies have been described in the laboratory features. Diagnostic biomarkers are important for reducing disruptions caused by TAO. The diagnostic importance of mean platelet volume (MPV) was investigated in TAO patients. Forty-four patients diagnosed with TAO (study group) and 45 healthy individuals (control group) were included in the study. The age, gender and complete blood parameters obtained via peripheral venous blood samples were compared between the two groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used for determining the diagnostic accuracy of the MPV variable. All the variables were statistically similar in each group except MPV and platelet counts. MPV was significantly higher and platelet count was significantly lower in the TAO group (P < 0.05). In addition, diagnostic accuracy was measured by the area under the ROC curve (Figure 1), and MPV differs significantly (P < 0.001), with a value of 0.783 (95% CI: 0.711–0.854). This study indicates that MPV is probably an important diagnostic predictor in TAO patients. Detection of blood parameters such as platelet properties is important for meticulous care of these patients.