Individuals with bleeding disorders are at increased risk of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. This study explored social cognitive predictors of screening intentions. Ninety men and women with bleeding disorders, recruited through the Haemophilia Society, completed an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour questionnaire to predict intention to screen for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Extended Theory of Planned Behaviour variables accounted for 57 per cent of the variance in intention. Self-efficacy and anticipated affect predicted intention directly, while attitudes were mediated by anticipated affect. Simple interventions that already exist address relevant predictive components of intention to screen for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and could be used to aid decision-making.