Age Pension means‐testing buffers retired households against shocks to wealth and may influence decumulation patterns and portfolio allocations. Simulations from a simple model of optimal consumption and allocation strategies for a means‐tested retired household indicate that, relative to benchmark, eligible and near‐eligible households should optimally decumulate faster, and choose more risky portfolios, especially early in retirement. Empirical modelling of a Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia panel of pensioner households confirms a riskier portfolio allocation by wealthier retired households. Poorer pensioner households decumulate at around 5 per cent p.a. on average; however, better‐off households continue to add around 3 per cent p.a. to wealth, even when facing a steeper implicit tax rate on wealth.