The risk of being killed is greatest within the first 24 hours of birth. Despite this, less is known about neonaticide compared with other homicides, particularly those occurring in the Australian context. A highly publicised case of neonaticide attracting an 18‐year sentence recently provoked debate about the introduction of prevention strategies, such as ‘Safe Havens’ and baby hatches in Australia. This paper reviews the limited international literature on risk factors associated with neonaticide and provides an insight into recent developments on the introduction of Safe Haven laws in the US. Little is known about the risk factors associated with neonaticide in Australia. Given recent interest in developing policies to prevent or reduce neonaticide in Australia, there is a pressing need for more research in this area. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ‘Little is known about the risk factors associated with neonaticide in Australia’ Key Practitioner Messages: Early identification improves positive outcomes for pregnant women and babies.Education initiatives to target non‐antenatal professionals as well as other non‐medical professionals who may come into contact with potentially high‐risk women.Training must include recognising signs of a neglected and hidden pregnancy as well as early signs of pregnancy.Upon suspicion of pregnancy, referral to an appropriate professional should be made.Confidentiality is of paramount importance. ‘Confidentiality is of paramount importance.’