This article focuses on preschool children in Kyrgyzstan, a poor country of the former Soviet union. What are children’s views on the relational order in this transition society, and what is their contribution to the reproduction or challenging of this order? The authors use and elaborate the theoretical concepts of ‘agency’ and ‘collectivism-individualism’ to develop age-appropriate research instruments and to interpret children’s views. Data were collected in a mixed-method field study. The presented results show children’s agency in a tight hierarchical structure, revealing both complicity and self-assertion, occasionally resulting in opposition.