The aim of this study was to assess the potential of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to predict and evaluate functional outcome after renal artery revascularization for renal artery stenosis (RAS). Single-kidney glomerular filtration rate (SK-GFR) was measured in 15 patients with atherosclerotic RAS with DCE-MRI and radioisotopes at baseline, and 4 months after revascularization. DCE-MRI also produced a measurement of blood flow, blood volume, extraction fraction, tubular transit time and functional volume. Stented kidneys (n=22) were divided into three response groups on the basis of the changes in radioisotope SK-GFR: improved (n=5), stable (n=13), deteriorated (n=4). A good agreement was found between SK-GFR values from DCE-MRI and radioisotopes. Before intervention, kidneys that improved had lower extraction fraction, higher blood volume, longer tubular transit time and lower SK-GFR. After intervention, improved kidneys had increased functional volume and deteriorated kidneys had reduced functional volume and extraction fraction. Revascularization improved blood flow and blood volume in all groups. This pilot study leads to the hypothesis that well-vascularized kidneys with reduced extraction fractions are most likely to benefit from revascularization. More generally, DCE-MRI has the potential to replace radioisotope measurement of SK-GFR, and may improve patient management by providing additional information on tissue perfusion.