The post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression occurs through cis RNA regulatory elements by the action of trans factors, which are represented by non-coding RNAs (especially microRNAs) and the turnover and translation regulatory RNA binding-proteins (TTR-RBPs). These multifactorial proteins are a group of heterogeneous RBPs primarily implicated in controlling the decay and translation rates of target mRNAs. TTR-RBPs usually shuttle between cellular compartments (nucleus, cytoplasm) in response to various stimuli and undergo post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation or methylation to ensure their proper subcellular localization and function. TTR-RBPs are emerging as key regulators of a wide variety of genes influencing kidney physiology and pathology. This review summarizes the current knowledge of TTR-RBPs that influence renal metabolism. We will discuss the role of TTR-RBPs as regulators of kidney ischemia, fibrosis and matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, membrane transport, immunity, vascular tone, hypertension, acid-base balance, as well as anemia, bone mineral disease, and vascular calcification.