Renal vascular structural properties and their alterations by removal of uraemic toxins with AST‐120, an oral adsorbent, were examined in subtotal nephrectomised rats. Eight‐ or 9‐week old Sprague‐Dawley rats received 3/4 nephrectomy (n=18) and thereafter were fed 24.5% protein diet with (AST; n=9) or without (No AST; n=9) AST‐120 (0.4 g/100g of body weight). Sham operated rats (Sham; n=9) received the diet without AST. At 21‐22 weeks of age, flow‐pressure and pressure‐glomerular filtration rate relationships (F‐P and P‐GFR) were determined for maximally vasodilated, perfused kidneys. The gradient of F‐P (minimal renal vascular resistance reflecting the overall luminal dimensions of preglomerular and postglomerular vasculature) was lower in No AST than in Sham. By contrast, the X intercept (preglomerular‐to‐postglomerular vascular resistance ratio) and gradient (glomerular filtration capacity) of P‐GFR did not differ between the two groups. The vascular wall and lumen at the interlobular arteries were greater in No AST than in Sham. Although the vascular wall and lumen at the interlobular arteries were less in AST than in No AST, the gradient of F‐P and X intercept of P‐GFR did not differ between the two groups. Contrarily, glomerular filtration capacity was greater in AST than in No AST. In conclusion, the lumen of both preglomerular and postglomerular resistance vessels increased and glomerular filtration capacity failed to increase in subtotal nephrectomised rats. Uraemic toxins could play an important role in the developments of structural alterations in glomeruli rather than renal resistance vessels, in chronic kidney disease. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.