This study examined the associations between conscientious perfectionism (high standards), self‐evaluative perfectionism (self‐criticism) and eating psychopathology among dancers. A sample of 244 female dancers, with a mean age of 20.11 years (standard deviation = 1.97) completed the Perfectionism Inventory and Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Self‐evaluative perfectionism predicted eating psychopathology (eating restraint, eating concern, weight concern and shape concern). This relationship was not moderated by conscientious perfectionism. The mediation analyses showed that although conscientious perfectionism predicted eating psychopathology, this relationship was fully mediated by self‐evaluative perfectionism. These findings demonstrate the greater influence of self‐evaluative perfectionism, rather than conscientious perfectionism, on eating psychopathology in dancers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.