Objectives We examined core features of patient suitability for cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) and their ability to predict CBT outcomes. Method A sample of 256 outpatients diagnosed with depression and anxiety disorders were assessed using the Suitability for Short‐Term Cognitive Therapy (SSCT) scale. Therapists rated patients’ symptom severity using the Clinical Global Impression scale before and after therapy. Results A factor analysis of the SSCT scale yielded 2 factors: (a) Capacity for Participation in CBT Process and (b) Attitudes Relevant to the CBT Process. A multiple regression analysis revealed that only Capacity for Participation in CBT Process uniquely predicted improvement at termination. Conclusions These findings highlight the importance of assessing the suitability of CBT for individual patients. Specifically, patients with greater capacity to identify and articulate thoughts and feelings and to share them in a nondefensive, focused way benefit most from CBT.