Disturbed sleep is a prominent feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD and disrupted sleep have been independently linked to cognitive deficits; however, synergistic effects of PTSD and poor sleep on cognition have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of PTSD symptoms and objectively measured disruptions to sleep on cognitive function. Forty‐four young‐adult African American urban residents comprised the study sample. The Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS; Blake et al., 1995) was utilized to determine the severity of PTSD symptoms. Participants underwent 2 consecutive nights of polysomnography. The Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (Reeves, Winter, Bleiberg, & Kang, ) was utilized to assess sustained attention and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (Schmidt, ) was used to evaluate verbal memory. PTSD symptom severity, r(42) = .40, p = .007, was significantly associated with omission errors on the sustained attention task, and sleep duration, r(42) = .41, p = .006, and rapid eye movement sleep, r(42) = .43, p = .003, were positively correlated with verbal memory. There was an interaction of PTSD symptom severity and sleep duration on omission errors such that more than 7 hours 12 minutes of sleep mitigated attentional lapses that were associated with PTSD. 標題：非裔美國年輕人中創傷後壓力症和睡眠測量與認知表現的關係 撮要：睡眠困擾是創傷後壓力左(PTSD)的顯著病癥。PTSD和睡眠問題各自與認知受損有關，但PTSD和失眠對認知的協同效應則未有探討。本研究檢視PTSD症狀的影響和客觀地量度睡眠困擾對認知功能的效果。樣本是53名非裔美國年輕市區居民。醫生施行PTSD量表(CAPS)測量PTSD症狀的嚴重程度，而參加者亦會連續兩晚接受多重睡眠電圖測試。持續注意力會採用自動化神經心理評估指標來評核，而雷伊聽覺言語學習測試則評定言語記憶。PTSD症狀的嚴重程度 r(42)= .40, p= .007統計上顯著與持續注意力任務的遺漏錯誤相連，而睡眠持續時間r(42)= .41, p= .006和快速眼動睡眠r(42)= .43, p= .003均與言語記憶有正相連。PTSD症狀嚴重程度和睡眠持續時間對遺漏錯誤有相互影響，以致多於7小時12分的睡眠可減輕與PTSD相關的注意力失誤。 标题：非裔美国年轻人中创伤后压力症和睡眠测量与认知表现的关系 撮要：睡眠困扰是创伤后压力左(PTSD)的显著病症。PTSD和睡眠问题各自与认知受损有关，但PTSD和失眠对认知的协同效应则未有探讨。本研究检视PTSD症状的影响和客观地量度睡眠困扰对认知功能的效果。样本是53名非裔美国年轻市区居民。医生施行PTSD量表(CAPS)测量PTSD症状的严重程度，而参加者亦会连续两晚接受多重睡眠电图测试。持续注意力会采用自动化神经心理评估指标来评核，而雷伊听觉言语学习测试则评定言语记忆。PTSD症状的严重程度 r(42)= .40, p= .007统计上显著与持续注意力任务的遗漏错误相连，而睡眠持续时间r(42)= .41, p= .006和快速眼动睡眠r(42)= .43, p= .003均与言语记忆有正相连。PTSD症状严重程度和睡眠持续时间对遗漏错误有相互影响，以致多于7小时12分的睡眠可减轻与PTSD相关的注意力失误。