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Mitochondrial Calcium Handling within the Interstitial Cells of Cajal

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AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology

Published online on

Abstract

The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) drive rhythmic pacemaking contractions in the gastro-intestinal system. The ICC generate pacemaking signals by membrane depolarizations associated with the release of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through inositol-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3R) and uptake by mitochondria (MT). This Ca2+ dynamic is hypothesized to generate pacemaking signals by calibrating ER Ca2+ store depletions and membrane depolarization with ER store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mechanisms. Using a biophysically based spatio-temporal model of integrated Ca2+ transport in the ICC, we determine the feasibility of ER depletion timescale correspondence with experimentally observed pacemaking frequencies while considering the impact of IP3R Ca2+ release and MT uptake on bulk cytosolic Ca2+ levels, since persistent elevations of free intracellular Ca2+ are toxic to the cell. MT densities and distributions are varied in the model geometry to observe MT influence on free cytosolic Ca2+ and the resulting frequencies of ER Ca2+ store depletions, and the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATP-ase (SERCA) and IP3 agonist concentrations are also varied. Our simulations show high MT densities observed in the ICC are more relevant to ER establishing Ca2+ depletion frequencies than protection of the cytosol from elevated free Ca2+, while the SERCA pump is more relevant to containing cytosolic Ca2+ elevations. Our results further suggest that the level of IP3 agonist stimulating ER Ca2+ release, subsequent MT uptake and eventual activation of ER store-operated Ca2+ entry may determine frequencies of rhythmic pacemaking exhibited by the ICC across species and tissue types.