Mitochondrial Calcium Handling within the Interstitial Cells of Cajal
AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology
Published online on May 01, 2014
Abstract
The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) drive rhythmic pacemaking contractions in the gastro-intestinal system. The ICC generate pacemaking signals by membrane depolarizations associated with the release of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through inositol-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3R) and uptake by mitochondria (MT). This Ca2+ dynamic is hypothesized to generate pacemaking signals by calibrating ER Ca2+ store depletions and membrane depolarization with ER store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mechanisms. Using a biophysically based spatio-temporal model of integrated Ca2+ transport in the ICC, we determine the feasibility of ER depletion timescale correspondence with experimentally observed pacemaking frequencies while considering the impact of IP3R Ca2+ release and MT uptake on bulk cytosolic Ca2+ levels, since persistent elevations of free intracellular Ca2+ are toxic to the cell. MT densities and distributions are varied in the model geometry to observe MT influence on free cytosolic Ca2+ and the resulting frequencies of ER Ca2+ store depletions, and the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATP-ase (SERCA) and IP3 agonist concentrations are also varied. Our simulations show high MT densities observed in the ICC are more relevant to ER establishing Ca2+ depletion frequencies than protection of the cytosol from elevated free Ca2+, while the SERCA pump is more relevant to containing cytosolic Ca2+ elevations. Our results further suggest that the level of IP3 agonist stimulating ER Ca2+ release, subsequent MT uptake and eventual activation of ER store-operated Ca2+ entry may determine frequencies of rhythmic pacemaking exhibited by the ICC across species and tissue types.