The present study aims to investigate the perception and production of several domains of prosodic performance in a cross‐sectional sample of preadolescents and adolescents with and without high‐functioning autism (HFA). To look at the role of language abilities on prosodic performance, the HFA groups were subdivided based on “high” and “low” language performance on the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals‐Fourth Edition (CELF‐4) (Semel, Wiig, & Secord). Social and cognitive abilities were also examined to determine their relationship to prosodic performance. No significant differences were seen in prosody scores in the younger versus older subgroups in typically developing (TD) group with age‐appropriate language. There was small but significant improvement in performance with age in the groups with HFA. Comparing performance at each age level across diagnostic groups showed that preteens with HFA and higher language levels perform similarly to their TD peers on all prosodic tasks, whereas those with lower language skills scored significantly worse than both their higher language and TD peers when looking at composite perception and production findings. Teens with HFA showed no deficits on perception tasks; however, those with low language levels had difficulty on several production tasks when compared to the TD group. Regression analyses suggested that, for the preteen group with HFA, language was the strongest predictor of prosodic perception, whereas nonverbal IQ was most highly predictive of prosodic production. For adolescents with HFA, social skills significantly contributed to the prediction of prosodic perception and, along with language abilities, predicted prosodic production. Implications of these findings will be discussed. Autism Res 2014, 7: 181–196.. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.