In industrial manufacturing applications to improve the surface quality of cylindrical parts such as valves, pistons of hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders, pump shafts and bearing bores, some surface-finishing processes such as grinding, super finishing and honing are applied. Nevertheless, none of them provides to improve fatigue, wear and corrosion resistance. Shot peening and case hardening can improve these properties, but they are expensive and application of them takes more time. Burnishing can increase the surface hardness by generating compressive stresses on the surface and as a result, it improves fatigue and corrosion resistance in addition to providing better surface quality. Roller burnishing is a very simple and very low consumption power process and can be applied on a conventional or computer numerical control lathe. The effect of the burnishing parameters on the surface quality and the burnishing force were examined with experimental study. The experiments were carried out using AISI 1040 carbon steel material. It was concluded that the burnishing feed is the most significant factor affecting the surface quality. Experimental results were tested with analysis of variance.