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Positive effect of combined exercise training in a model of metabolic syndrome and menopause: autonomic, inflammatory and oxidative stress evaluations.

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AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology

Published online on

Abstract

Background: It is now well-established that after menopause cardiometabolic disorders become more common. Recently, resistance exercise has been recommended as a complement to aerobic (combined training, CT) for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases. Objective: To evaluate the effects of CT in hypertensive ovariectomized rats undergoing fructose overloadon blood pressure variability (BPV), inflammation and oxidative stress parameters. Methods:Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats were divided into (n=8/group): Control (C), hypertensive ovariectomized undergoingfructose overload, sedentary (HOF) and trained (HOFT). CT was performed on a treadmill and ladder adapted to rats in alternate days (8 weeks; 40-60% maximal capacity). Arterial pressure (AP) signals were directly recorded. Oxidative stress and inflammation were measured on cardiac and renal tissues. Results: The association of risk factors (hypertension+ovariectomy+fructose) promoted an increase in mean AP (FHO: 174±4 vs. C: 108±1 mmHg) and heart rate (FHO: 403±12 vs. C: 352±11 bpm), induced impairment in insulin sensitivity, BVP, cardiac and renal oxidative stress and cardiac inflammation (TNF-α- FHO: 65.8±9.9 vs. C: 23.3±4.3pg/mg protein). However, CT was able to reduce MAP (FHOT: 158±4 mmHg) and heart rate (FHOT: 303±5 bpm), normalize insulin sensitivity and sympathetic modulation. Moreover, the trained rats presented reduced lipoperoxidation and increased antioxidant defenses in cardiac and renal tissues; reduced TNF- α (FHOT: 33.1±4.9 pg/mg protein) and increased IL-10 and nitric oxide bioavailability. Conclusion: The association of risk factors promoted an additional impairment in metabolic, cardiovascular, autonomic, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters and combined exercise training was able to attenuate these dysfunctions.