The study objectives were (1) comparison of baseline characteristics between individuals with metabolic syndrome, adhering/not adhering to a primary prevention program modificação do estilo de vida e risco cardiovascular; and (2) determination of risk factors for program adherence. The sample included 127 participants with mean age (±standard deviation) of 49.58 (±7.77) years, participating in the modificação do estilo de vida e risco cardiovascular between 2010 and 2012. Results show that program adherence predictors were age (odds ratio: 1.134, 95% confidence interval: 1.106–1.833); practicing physical exercise (odds ratio: 1.322, 95% confidence interval: 1.115–7.589); self-efficacy for regular eating habits (odds ratio: 2.044, 95% confidence interval: 1.184–3.377); low binge eating scores (odds ratio: 1.922, 95% confidence interval: 1.118–3.974); and low isolation and depression scores (odds ratio: 0.721, 95% confidence interval: 0.322–0.917).