Beta-2 adrenergic agonists attenuate organic dust-induced lung inflammation
AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
Published online on May 17, 2016
Abstract
Agricultural dust exposure results in significant lung inflammation, and individuals working in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are at risk for chronic airway inflammatory diseases. Exposure of bronchial epithelial cells to aqueous extracts of hog CAFO dusts (HDE) leads to inflammatory cytokine production that is driven by protein kinase C (PKC) activation. cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-activating agents can inhibit PKC activation in epithelial cells, leading to reduced inflammatory cytokine production following HDE exposure. Beta-2 adrenergic receptor agonists (β2-agonists) activate PKA, and we hypothesized that β2-agonists would beneficially impact HDE-induced adverse airway inflammatory consequences. Bronchial epithelial cells were cultured with short-acting β2-agonist salbutamol or long-acting β2-agonist salmeterol prior to stimulation with HDE. Beta-2-agonist treatment significantly increased PKA activation and significantly decreased HDE-stimulated IL-6 and IL-8 production in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. HDE-induced intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and neutrophil adhesion to epithelial cells was significantly reduced with salbutamol treatment. Using an established intranasal inhalation exposure model, salbutamol pretreatment reduced airway neutrophil influx and IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL1, and CXCL2 release in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid following a one-time exposure to HDE. Likewise, when mice were pre-treated daily with salbutamol prior to HDE exposure for 3 weeks, HDE-induced neutrophil influx and inflammatory mediator production was also reduced. The severity of HDE-induced lung pathology in mice repetitively exposed to HDE for 3 weeks was also decreased with daily salbutamol-pre-treatment. Together, these results provide support for future clinical investigations evaluating the utility of β2-agonist therapies in the treatment of airway inflammation associated with CAFO dust exposure.