Using a prospective design, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between coping and psychological well-being (distress and positive affect) in a sample of Greek cancer patients (N = 86), giving a special emphasis on the role of religiosity (religious beliefs and coping). Results showed that religious coping during chemotherapy was the only predictor of positive affect 7 months later, when engagement and disengagement strategies were included in the model. The present findings suggest that religious coping may play a positive role in the well-being of patients facing a life-threatening disease, such as cancer.