This study reported findings from a longitudinal randomized controlled trial of Carescapes, a professional development program for home‐based child‐care providers in promoting children's social competence. Participants included 134 child‐care providers and 310 children, ages 3–5 years, in Oregon. The Carescapes intervention group made significant improvements in observed caregiver responsiveness and monitoring, and showed decreased caregiver‐reported child problem behavior and improved parent‐reported peer relationships compared to the control group. Increased caregiver‐reported cooperation skills were found for the intervention group at follow‐up. No differences in condition were found for kindergarten teacher‐reported social–behavioral, classroom, and academic skills. Moderation effects on children's behavior and peer relations were found for child age and exposure to the intervention child care.