Although fishing is of great economic importance, it has been described as a very dangerous and strenuous occupation worldwide. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and explore the coping strategies of fishermen in the Oyorokoto fishing settlement in Nigeria. Three hundred and eighty-four fishermen with an age range of 18 to 64 years and a mean age of 34.12 years (SD = 6.52) were recruited. LBP was identified in 262 (68.23%) of the participants. LBP was significantly associated with age, educational status, and body mass index (BMI; ² = 102.23, p < .001) but not with marital status (p = .211). Severe LBP was identified among participants who were in the age group 35 to 44 years (33.93%), married (79.46%), primary education (45.54%), and abnormal BMI (73.32%). Participants ≥55 years (6.25%), widowers (1.79%), tertiary education (3.57%), and normal BMI (27.68%) had the least LBP. LBP was least prevalent in those who had practiced fishing for a duration of ≥21 years (25.57%) as compared with other groups (² = 10.49, p = .03). The number of fishing trips per week was not significantly associated with the severity of LBP. Significant difference was identified between those who used nonmotorized boats as compared with motorized types (² = 12.75, p = .002). The coping strategy with the highest score was religion 7.23 (SD = 1.12). The coping strategy with the lowest score was substance abuse 3.01 (SD = 0.57). In conclusion, LBP is an important health problem among fishermen. Religion is the most common coping strategy used by the fishermen.