The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine whether Native American clients seen at a University Counseling Center had different treatment outcomes than did Caucasian clients according to the Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ) given at the first and final sessions.

Participants included self-identified 21 Native American and 105 Caucasian clients who received services over the past 7 years and who had OQ-45 scores.

American Indian total scores on the OQ-45 were not that much different from Caucasian scores. As a whole, both groups showed no significant change in OQ-45 scores at the end of treatment.

Given the lack of research on this important group of color, these findings provide a unique comparison to a previous studies and suggest further research is needed about the effectiveness of therapeutic outcomes and practices with Native American clients.