A new anti-disturbance control scheme is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems subjected to multi-source disturbances. The uncertain multi-source disturbances are classified into two parts; one is the harmonic and constant disturbance with partial known information, which can be formulated by an exogenous system, and the other consists of unknown time-varying disturbances. The nonlinear disturbance observer (NDO) is constructed to estimate the first kind of disturbance. By integrating the NDO with an adaptive backstepping technique, a novel composite anti-disturbance control scheme is proposed for the nonlinear systems. Then the stability analysis of the closed-loop system is presented. The simulation of a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.