Researchers have long been interested in how inmates adjust to prison life and what characteristics impact their behavior while incarcerated. The current research will attempt to fill a gap in the literature by evaluating the effectiveness of both the deprivation and importation models in explaining misconduct committed by both male and female inmates using all inmates incarcerated in West Virginia during July 2010. Additionally, the predictive factors of male and female inmate misconduct will be compared using these inmates. This research will add to the few studies that have examined both the deprivation and importation models among males and females, as well as provide possible policy implications that attempt to manage or reduce misconduct, and in turn, recidivism.