To determine abdominal aortic expansion after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in patients with aortic dissection type B and 36 months minimum follow-up.

Retrospective study of 18 TEVAR patients with follow-up >36 months. Abdominal aortic diameters at celiac trunk (location B) and infrarenal aorta (location C) were recorded on the first and last imaging after TEVAR. False lumen thrombosis was determined at level of endograft (A) and at B and C. Aortic expansion was defined as diameter increase of 5 mm or 15%. Correlation analyses were performed to investigate potential determinants of expansion.

Median follow-up was 75.2 months. Sixteen of 18 patients (88.9%) demonstrated abdominal expansion. Mean expansion was 9.9 ± 6.1 mm at B and 11.7 ± 6.5 mm at C, without a difference between acute and chronic dissections. Critical diameters of 55 mm were reached in two patients treated for chronic dissection (11.1%). Annual diameter increase was significantly greater at locations with baseline diameters >30 mm (2.1 ± 1.1 mm vs. 1.0 ± 0.6 mm, p = 0.009). Baseline diameters were greater in patients with chronic dissections.

Abdominal aortic expansion can be frequently recognized after TEVAR for aortic dissection type B and occurs independently from thoracic false lumen thrombosis. Clinical significant abdominal aortic expansion may occur more frequently in patients treated with TEVAR for chronic dissection.