Background The health action process approach (HAPA) is a relevant model for understanding physical activity (PA), yet it has not been examined in cancer survivors or minorities. In this study, we assessed the HAPA in African American breast cancer survivors using covariance modeling. Methods A total of 304 African American breast cancer survivors (mean age = 54 years) participated in a Web‐based survey assessing demographic and medical characteristics as well as constructs of the HAPA. A two‐step covariance modeling approach was used to assess the structural relationships among the constructs. Results The hypothesized measurement model fit the data; however, general severity was not significantly associated with the remaining constructs. General severity was removed, and the fit did not change significantly. The final adjusted model provided a reasonable fit to the data and accounted for significant variance in intentions (49%) and PA (42%). Action (β = 0.1, p < 0.01) and coping (β = 0.3, p < 0.01) planning mediated the relationship between intentions and behavior. Conclusions The HAPA appears to be a relevant model for understanding PA in African American breast cancer survivors. However, more work is needed to determine whether these relationships can be replicated in other breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.