The renal filtration barrier is maintained by the renal podocyte, an epithelial postmitotic cell. Immortalized mouse podocyte cell lines - both in the differentiated and undifferentiated state - are widely utilized tools to estimate podocyte injury and cytoskeletal rearrangement processes in vitro. Here, we mapped the cultured podocyte proteome at a depth of more than 8800 proteins and quantified 7240 proteins. Copy numbers of proteins mutated in forms of hereditary nephrotic syndrome or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) were assessed. We found that cultured podocytes express abundant copy numbers of endogenous receptors such as tyrosine kinase membrane receptors, the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), NPR3 (ANP receptor) and several poorly characterized GPCRs. The dataset was correlated with deep mapping mRNA sequencing ("mRNAseq") data from the native mouse podocyte, the native mouse podocyte proteome and staining intensities from the human protein atlas. The generated dataset was similar to these previously published resources, but several native and high-abundant podocyte-specific proteins were not identified in the dataset. Notably, this dataset detected general perturbations in proteostatic mechanisms as a dominant alteration during podocyte differentiation, with high proteasome activity in the undifferentiated state and markedly increased expression of lysosomal proteins in the differentiated state. Phosphoproteomics analysis of mouse podocytes at a resolution of more than 3000 sites suggested a preference of phosphorylation of actin-filament associated proteins in the differentiated state. The dataset obtained here provides a resource and provides the means for deep mapping of the native podocyte proteome and phosphoproteome in a similar manner.