This study uses qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews to explore the adjustment challenges encountered by international graduate students during their study at US universities, and the protective factors most associated with successful adjustment. Nine students from China, Korea, and Taiwan, attending a Midwestern university, participated in the study. Language barriers and discrimination were the primary challenges reported; the factors most associated with successful adjustment were personal perception, social support, strong mentoring relationships, religious belief, and use of campus services. Implications for providing effective assistance for international graduate students are discussed.