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"Staying out of Trouble" and Doing What Is "Right": Citizenship Acts, Citizenship Ideals, and the Effects of Legal Status on Second-Generation Youth

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American Behavioral Scientist

Published online on

Abstract

This article asks whether parents’ legal status as noncitizens or undocumented migrants leads U.S.-born youth to engage in active, compensatory political and civic participation or whether parents’ legal exclusion generates apolitical, even alienated views of citizenship. Drawing on 54 in-depth interviews conducted over a 2-year period with 40 teenagers from Mexican-origin immigrant families living in the San Francisco Bay area, we find no evidence of widespread apathy or disengagement. Many youth participated in rallies on behalf of immigrant rights, and many were engaged in community groups, volunteer efforts, or even political action, irrespective of parents’ status. However, youths’ views on "good citizenship" did hint at community-level effects of illegality: Some young people have internalized a "don’t rock the boat" notion of citizenship as staying out of trouble. At the same time, others redefined citizenship to include noncitizen parents. We conclude that the children of immigrants—especially those with unauthorized parents—face dual demands: There is pressure to "stay out of trouble" and stay quiet to protect their families, but these young people’s birthright citizenship also provides rights and standing to make claims on behalf of family members lacking formal voice in the political system.