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Effects of paternal obesity on growth and adiposity of male rat offspring

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AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism

Published online on

Abstract

Emerging evidence suggests that paternal obesity plays an important role in offspring health. We previously showed that female offspring from high fat diet (HFD) fed male rats develop glucose intolerance due to impaired insulin secretion. Here, we focussed on the health outcomes of male offspring from HFD fed fathers. Male Sprague Dawley rats (3 week-old) were fed control diet (CD-F0) or HFD (HFD-F0) for 12 weeks before mating with control fed females. Male offspring fed control diet were studied at 8 weeks and 6 months. While male offspring from HFD-F0 did not develop any obvious glucose metabolism defects, a growth deficit phenotype was observed from birth onwards. Male offspring from HFD-F0 had reduced birth weight compared to CD-F0, followed by reduced post-weaning growth from 9 weeks of age. This resulted in 10% reduction in body weight at 6 months with significantly smaller fat pads and muscles. Reduced circulating levels of Growth Hormone (GH) and IGF1 were detected at 8 weeks and 6 months. Expression of adipogenesis markers was decreased in adipose tissue of HFD-F0 offspring at 8 weeks and 6 months, as well as expression of growth markers in muscle of HFD-F0 offspring at 8 weeks. We propose that the reduced GH secretion at 8 weeks of age altered the growth of male offspring from HFD-F0, resulting in smaller animals from 9 weeks to 6 months of age. Further, disturbance in muscle lipid metabolism genes was observed in HFD-F0 offspring, potentially increasing their metabolic risk.