Over the last several years, converging lines of evidence have indicated that miR-206 plays a pivotal role in promoting muscle differentiation and regeneration, thereby potentially impacting positively on the progression of neuromuscular disorders including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Despite several studies showing the regulatory function of miR-206 on target mRNAs in skeletal muscle cells, the effects of overexpression of miR-206 in dystrophic muscles remain to be established. Here, we found that miR-206 overexpression in mdx mouse muscles simultaneously targets multiple mRNAs and proteins implicated in satellite cell differentiation, muscle regeneration, and at the neuromuscular junction. Overexpression of miR-206 also increased the levels of several muscle-specific mRNAs/proteins while enhancing utrophin A expression at the sarcolemma. Finally, we also observed that the increase expression of miR-206 in dystrophin-deficient mouse muscle decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of macrophages. Taken together, our results show that miR-206 acts as a pleiotropic regulator that targets multiple key mRNAs and proteins expected to provide beneficial adaptations in dystrophic muscle, thus highlighting its therapeutic potential for DMD.