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WNT-5A regulates TGF{beta}-related activities in liver fibrosis

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AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology

Published online on

Abstract

WNT-5A is a secreted growth factor that belongs to the non-canonical members of the Wingless-related MMTV-integration family. Previous studies pointed to a connection between WNT-5A and the fibrogenic factor TGF-β warranting further studies into the functional role of WNT-5A in liver fibrosis. Therefore, we studied WNT-5A expressions in mouse and human fibrotic livers and examined the relation between WNT-5A and various fibrosis-associated growth factors, cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins. WNT-5A gene and protein expressions were significantly increased in fibrotic mouse and human livers compared to healthy. Regression or therapeutic intervention in mice resulted in decreased hepatic WNT-5A levels paralleled by lower collagen levels. Immunohistochemical analysis showed WNT-5A staining in fibrotic septa co-localizing with desmin staining indicating WNT-5A expression in myofibroblasts. In vitro studies confirmed WNT-5A expression in this cell-type and showed that TGF-β significantly enhanced WNT-5A expression in contrast to PDGF-BB and pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1β and TNFα. After silencing of WNT-5A, reduced levels of collagen type I, vimentin, and fibronectin in TGF-β-stimulated myofibroblasts were measured as compared to non-silencing siRNA-treated controls. Interestingly, the antifibrotic cytokine IFN suppressed WNT-5A in vitro and in vivo. IFN-treated fibrotic mice showed significantly less WNT-5A expression as compared to untreated fibrotic mice. In conclusion, WNT-5A paralleled collagen I levels in fibrotic mouse and human livers. WNT-5A expression in myofibroblasts is induced by the profibrotic factor TGF-β and plays an important role TGF-β induced regulation of fibrotic matrix proteins, whereas its expression can be reversed upon treatment, both in vitro and in vivo.