This research explored the effects of protein and polysaccharide in Meyerozyma guilliermondii on active compounds in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch adventitious roots. In this study, a responsive protein LSP1 was purified from the Meyerozyma guilliermondii since the excellent induction. The contents of total flavonoids (3.46 mg · g−1), glycyrrhizic acid (0.41 mg · g−1), glycyrrhetinic acid (0.41 mg · g−1), and polysaccharide (94.49 mg · g−1) in adventitious root peaked at LSP1 group, which were 1.6, 3.4, 2.4, 2.0‐fold that of control, respectively. Besides, the responsive protein LSP1 significantly activated the defense signaling, mitogen‐activated protein kinases and extremely up‐regulated the expression of defense‐related genes and functional genes involved in glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis. This research explored the effects of protein and polysaccharide in Meyerozyma guilliermondii on active compounds in Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch adventitious roots. In this study, a responsive protein LSP1 was purified from the M. guilliermondii since the excellent induction. Besides, the responsive protein LSP1 significantly activated the defense signaling, mitogen‐activated protein kinases and extremely up‐regulated the expression of defense‐related genes and functional genes involved in glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis.