Background This pilot and feasibility study evaluated a work‐related self‐care competency training in oncology and hematology medicine for junior physicians working in oncology and hematology medicine. Methods A pilot study was conducted with 80 physicians working in oncology and hematology hospital departments in Germany. Physicians were distributed to either the intervention group receiving competency training or a comparison group. The intervention took place in groups over a period of 12 weeks. Training content included work‐related self‐care strategies, problem‐solving techniques solution‐focused counselling. The outcomes studied were changes in work‐related stress, emotional exhaustion, emotion regulation, and job satisfaction. Follow‐up assessments were arranged after 12 weeks (T1), after 24 weeks (T2), and after 36 weeks (T3). Results Intervention group reached a decrease in perceived job stress and emotional exhaustion. Self‐perceived improvements were also obvious regarding enhanced emotion regulation skills. Future oncologists valued the intervention with high scores for training design, content, received outcome, and overall training satisfaction. Conclusions This study provided first indications that an innovative self‐care competency training might be a supportive approach for junior physicians starting work in oncology and hematology. However, replication studies are needed to verify the results in the medical working context.