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--- - |2+ Aggression is prevalent in early‐ to mid‐adolescence and is associated with physical health and psychosocial adjustment difficulties. This underscores the need to identify risk processes that lead to externalizing outcomes. This study examined the extent to which the effects of three dimensions of beliefs supporting aggression on physical aggression and externalizing behavior are mediated by anger dysregulation and callous‐unemotional (CU) traits. Three waves of data were collected from a primarily African American (77%) sample of 265 middle school students between the ages of 11 and 15 (52% were female). We found evidence supporting mediation such that the effects of beliefs supporting instrumental aggression and beliefs that fighting is sometimes necessary at Wave 1 on student‐reported physical aggression at Wave 3 were mediated by CU traits at Wave 2, and relations between beliefs supporting reactive aggression at Wave 1 and teacher‐report of student frequencies of physical aggression and externalizing behavior at Wave 3 were mediated by anger dysregulation at Wave 2. Our findings demonstrated the importance of distinguishing between dimensions of beliefs supporting aggression, as differential paths emerged between specific beliefs, CU traits and anger dysregulation, and externalizing outcomes. These findings have important clinical implications, as they suggest that specific dimensions of beliefs supporting aggression could be targeted based on whether an individual is at risk for behavior patterns characterizing CU traits or anger dysregulation. - Aggressive Behavior, EarlyView.

--- - |2 The capacity of an organization to innovate, change, and be effective depends on the skills and abilities of employees, highlighting the importance of developing individual capabilities. The 70:20:10 framework is used by practitioners to guide them when developing effective learning and development programs. Although the framework has been adopted globally in both private and public sectors, its effectiveness has not been assessed in relation to the transfer of learning. Using qualitative data from the Australian public sector, this study explores how the framework is being implemented and whether it facilitates the transfer of learning to build middle management capability. Results showed that despite middle managers' awareness of, and willingness to take part in, ongoing skill development, attempts to develop capability through learning transfer by implementing the 70:20:10 framework were not achieving the desired outcomes. The research suggests that learning transfer and managerial capability development was hindered through four misconceptions regarding the framework's implementation. These are: an overconfident assumption that unstructured experiential learning automatically results in capability development; a narrow interpretation of social learning; the expectation that managerial behavior would automatically change following formal training and development activities without the need to actively support the process; and a lack of recognition of the requirement of a planned and integrated relationship of all three aspects of the framework. We suggest future research seeks to explicate the role of social learning in supporting the efficacy of both formal and experiential learning. - Human Resource Development Quarterly, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Abstract Our environment is constantly overloaded with information, although we cannot consciously process all the stimulation reaching our senses. Current theoretical models are focused on the cognitive and neural processes underlying conscious perception. However, cognitive processes do not occur in an isolated brain but in a complex interaction between the environment, the brain, and the organism. The brain‐body interaction has largely been neglected in the study of conscious perception. The aim of the present study was to explore if heart rate and skin conductance (SC) are modulated by the interaction between phasic alertness and conscious perception. We presented near‐threshold visual stimuli that could be preceded by an alerting tone on 50% of the trials. Behaviorally, phasic alerting improved perceptual sensitivity for detecting a near‐threshold stimulus (along with changes in response criterion). Following the alerting tone, a cardiac deceleration‐acceleration pattern was observed, which was more pronounced when the near‐threshold stimulus was consciously perceived in comparison with unconsciously perceived stimuli. SC results further showed some degree of subliminal processing of unseen stimuli. These results reveal that cardiac activity could be a marker of attention and consciousness interactions, emphasizing the need for taking into account brain‐body interactions for current theoretical models of consciousness. - Psychophysiology, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Abstract Prior to and during movement, oscillatory alpha activity gates cognitive resources toward motor areas of the cortex by inhibiting neuronal excitability in nonmotor areas. The present study examined the effect of manipulating target variability on this alpha gating phenomenon. Using a baseline‐test‐retention design, we measured EEG alpha power, performance accuracy, and task difficulty in 32 recreational golfers as they putted golf balls (20 per target) to one central target (baseline, retention) and four targets of different directions and extents (manipulation). For participants in the random group (n = 16), target location varied with each repetition in a random fashion, whereas for participants in the blocked group (n = 16), it was kept constant within blocks. Regional analyses revealed a focal pattern of lower central alpha and higher occipital and temporal alpha. This topography was specific to preparation for movement and was associated with performance: smallest performance errors were preceded by decreased central combined with increased occipital alpha. The random group performed worse than the blocked group and found the task more difficult. Importantly, left temporal alpha prior to movement onset was lower for the random group than the blocked group. No group differences were found at baseline or retention. Our study proved that alpha gating can be altered by manipulating intertrial variability and thereby demonstrated the utility of the alpha gating model. Our findings underscore the importance of inhibiting occipital and left temporal areas when performing movements and provide further evidence that alpha gating reflects neural efficiency during motor tasks. - Psychophysiology, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Abstract This study investigated the mediation effects of social capital on the associations between the quality of relationship, intimacy in particular, with college friends on social media and loneliness during college‐to‐work transition of Korean college students. Longitudinal data were collected from three surveys with a 6‐month interval. The first wave of the survey was completed by 521 participants; 110 graduates participated in the second wave, and 175 in the third wave. Latent growth modeling analysis revealed that the linear growth function produced a better fit than the no‐growth models for intimacy on social media, social capital, and loneliness. While intimacy on social media and bonding capital increased during the three‐time interval, bridging capital and loneliness decreased. In addition, the slope of intimacy on social media was positively related to the slopes of bridging and bonding capital, both of which, in turn, had a negative association with the slope of loneliness. These findings indicate the beneficial role of the quality of relationship on social media in college‐to‐work transition. - Japanese Psychological Research, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Abstract The goal of the present research was to document ingroup prototypicality effects in implicit associations between ethnic groups and the American identity. Across four studies, we compared implicit associations displayed by perceivers who either belonged to or did not belong to the target ethnic groups. In Studies 1 and 2, African, Asian, Latino, and European American participants were randomly assigned to complete an Implicit Association Test contrasting either their ingroup and an outgroup or two outgroups (third‐party perspective). Data yielded evidence for ingroup prototypicality effects in all interethnic comparisons. Studies 3 and 4 used large datasets available through Project Implicit. We examined whether ingroup prototypicality effects were restricted to U.S. residents or generalized to participants living in other regions of the world. Results showed that ingroup prototypicality effects did not presuppose immersion in the U.S. context, but at the same time patterns of implicit associations varied according to region of residence. Implicit ethnic‐American associations are at least partially the reflection of the perceivers’ positioning in interethnic comparisons. - Japanese Psychological Research, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Abstract To date, several fMRI studies reveal activation in motor planning areas during musical auditory imagery. We addressed whether such activations may give rise to peripheral motor activity, termed subvocalization or covert singing, using surface electromyography. Sensors placed on extrinsic laryngeal muscles, facial muscles, and a control site on the bicep measured muscle activity during auditory imagery that preceded singing, as well as during the completion of a visual imagery task. Greater activation was found in laryngeal and lip muscles for auditory than for visual imagery tasks, whereas no differences across tasks were found for other sensors. Furthermore, less accurate singers exhibited greater laryngeal activity during auditory imagery than did more accurate singers. This suggests that subvocalization may be used as a strategy to facilitate auditory imagery, which appears to be degraded in inaccurate singers. Taken together, these results suggest that subvocalization may play a role in anticipatory auditory imagery, and possibly as a way of supplementing motor associations with auditory imagery. - Psychophysiology, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Abstract Metrics of heart period variability are widely used in the behavioral and biomedical sciences, although somewhat confusingly labeled as heart rate variability (HRV). Despite their wide use, HRV metrics are usually analyzed and interpreted without reference to prevailing levels of cardiac chronotropic state (i.e., mean heart rate or mean heart period). This isolated treatment of HRV metrics is nontrivial. All HRV metrics routinely used in the literature exhibit a known and positive relationship with the mean duration of the interval between two beats (heart period): as the heart period increases, so does its variability. This raises the question of whether HRV metrics should be “corrected” for the mean heart period (or its inverse, the heart rate). Here, we outline biological, quantitative, and interpretive issues engendered by this question. We provide arguments that HRV is neither uniformly nor simply a surrogate for heart period. We also identify knowledge gaps that remain to be satisfactorily addressed with respect to assumptions underlying existing HRV correction approaches. In doing so, we aim to stimulate further progress toward the rigorous use and disciplined interpretation of HRV. We close with provisional guidance on HRV reporting that acknowledges the complex interplay between the mean and variability of the heart period. - Psychophysiology, EarlyView.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objective Analysis of the relationship between the body self (BS) and the sense of coherence (SOC) in women after breast surgery due to cancer in comparison with a control group. Methods A cross‐sectional study in a group of 78 women using the body–self questionnaire (BS‐Q), and the life orientation questionnaire (SOC‐29). Statistics based on the IBM SPSS v.25. Results Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) has shown significant differences based on groups in experiencing intimacy, manifesting femininity, body acceptance, and manageability. In particular, manifesting femininity and body acceptance showed a big effect size (0.30 < partial ɳ2 < 0.32). Correlation analysis between the BS‐Q and SOC‐29 subscales and Fisher's r to z transformation determines that the differences between groups were significant in favour of healthy women in two sets of variables: experiencing intimacy/meaningfulness and attitude to food and weight/manageability. Conclusions Breast cancer survivors are at greater risk of developing decreased body acceptance and problems in intimacy, and have less correlation than the healthy control group between manageability and meaningfulness with an appropriate attitude to food and intimate relationship with their partner, respectively. A higher manifestation of femininity in the treated group can be considered a positive but socioculturally conditioned coping strategy. - Psycho-Oncology, EarlyView.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objectives The objectives of this systematic review were to (a) identify supportive‐care (psychosocial/behavioral, pharmacological, complementary, or alternative) interventions that have been evaluated via randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to improve patient‐reported health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) among adults with brain tumors, (b) evaluate the quality of the intervention studies, and (c) evaluate if developed interventions have been efficacious at improving HRQoL, as compared with control conditions in RCTs. Methods This systematic review was conducted using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Four databases were searched for RCTs of supportive‐care interventions for adults with brain tumors, primary or metastatic, that included a patient‐reported HRQoL outcome. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Results Ten RCTs involving 640 patients with either a primary or metastatic brain tumor investigating supportive‐care interventions with a HRQoL outcome were identified. In terms of quality, three of the studies received a “strong” rating, three received a “moderate” rating, and four of the studies received a “weak” rating. Only two of the interventions (ie, a home‐based psychosocial intervention and individualized acupuncture with standard rehabilitation) demonstrated improvements in HRQoL over control conditions. Conclusions HRQoL is of the utmost importance when treating patients with brain tumors. Yet there is a notable paucity of research to inform clinical decisions and evidence‐based practice. More high‐quality studies of interventions aimed at improving HRQoL are needed. - Psycho-Oncology, EarlyView.

--- - |2 This study presents psychometric properties of the Danish version of the Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Scale (SoMe‐Da) and associations to socio‐demographic and religious characteristics. Participants were 554 Danes, 66% women ranging in age between 15 and 91 years. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) suggested a five factor structure for the 26 sources if meaning. Construct validity within the SoMe‐Da and between mental health variables were established. Generativity associated most strongly with meaningfulness followed by spirituality, attentiveness, and explicit religiosity. We found religious characteristics to be more strongly associated with meaningfulness than socio‐demographic variables. Finally, we found distinct patterns of preferred sources of meaning between Christians, agnostics, and atheists. Christians and agnostics seemed to be more motivated by self‐transcendance, whereas atheists may be more motivated by self‐actualization. Results indicate that the SoMe‐Da appears to be a valid instrument for measuring the content and degree of personal meaning in life. - Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, EarlyView.

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--- - |2 No abstract is available for this article. - Psycho-Oncology, Volume 27, Issue S3, Page 1-2, October 2018.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objective This manuscript assesses association between depressive symptoms and symptoms from cancer and its treatment during the first 12 weeks of a new oral oncolytic treatment. Methods This secondary analysis used data from a recently completed trial of an intervention to improve adherence to oral oncolytic treatment and manage symptoms. Following the initiation of the new oral oncolytic medication, 272 patients were interviewed at intake and weeks 4, 8, and 12 to assess depressive symptoms, and symptoms from cancer and its treatment. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression (CES‐D20). The summed index of 18 cancer‐related and treatment‐related symptoms as well as the number of symptoms above threshold at intake, weeks 4, 8, and 12 were related to intake and time‐varying CES‐D20 using linear mixed effects models. Results Depressive symptomatology was a significant predictor of cancer‐related and treatment‐related symptoms at all‐time points, but the strength of this relationship was greatest at the time of oral oncolytic agent initiation and at week 4. The strength of this relationship was the same for both summed symptom severity index and the number of symptoms above threshold, and using either intake or time‐varying CES‐D20. Conclusion Introducing strategies to treat and manage symptoms of depression along with other symptoms might have added benefits among patients who start a new oral oncolytic treatment and report modest to higher levels of depressive symptoms. Assessments for the impact of strategies to lower depressive symptoms can be taken within the first 4 weeks. - Psycho-Oncology, EarlyView.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objective To describe associations of functional, psychosocial, medical, and socio‐demographic factors with performance on a cognitive screening test in chemotherapy naïve patients with breast cancer. Methods Women with breast cancer were recruited between 2009 and 2018. The Blessed Orientation Memory Concentration Test (BOMC) was administered prior to chemotherapy. Associations between baseline BOMC and functional (Karnofsky Self‐Reported Performance Rating Scale (KPS), Time Up and Go Test (TUG), Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Physical Function, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL)), psychosocial (Mental Health Inventory‐13, MOS Social Activity Limitation and Social Support Survey), medical, and socio‐demographic variables were assessed using linear regression analysis. Results In a sample of 331 women with breast cancer, the mean age was 65.2 years and 68.6% were 65 and older. Mean BOMC score was 3.60 on a scale from 0 (best) to 28 (worst). After controlling for demographic factors, worse BOMC screening test results were associated with KPS < 80 (p=0.01), IADL< 14 (p=0.02), TUG ≥ 14 seconds (p=0.001), worse MOS Physical Function (p=0.0006), depressive symptoms (p=0.04), and social activity limitations (p=0.01). Conclusion In a sample of women with breast cancer, pre‐treatment cognitive screening scores did not reveal profound cognitive impairment. BOMC screening scores were associated with multiple measures of physical function, but further research is needed to determine a clinically meaningful cut point in the BOMC for screening of cancer‐related cognitive impairment. - Psycho-Oncology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objective Given the potential benefits of self‐disclosure, the goal of this study was to learn more about how young adult cancer survivors navigate the process of disclosing their cancer history to peers. Methods A sample of 122 young adult cancer survivors completed a brief, online survey. Data were collected to assess how and why survivors self‐disclose to peers and how peers react. Results Participants endorsed a number of reasons for disclosing their cancer history to peers (e.g., felt it was important for them to know) or choosing not to disclose (e.g., to avoid upsetting/burdening them). 0Participants used a variety of strategies during the disclosure with the most frequently endorsed being humor and providing reassurance. Mediational analyses supported the study hypothesis: the relationship between peer reactions to self‐disclosure and the likelihood of future disclosure was mediated by survivors’ satisfaction with the self‐disclosure experience. Exploratory analyses provided some insight into which disclosure strategies were met with a more positive reaction from peers. Conclusions The actual and anticipated reactions from peers plays a crucial role in shaping young adult cancer survivors’ experience of self‐disclosure. Clinicians may use these findings to help young survivors optimize their self‐disclosure experiences. - Psycho-Oncology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objectives Delirium is highly prevalent in patients with advanced cancer. This study aimed to investigate delirium rates and potential associated factors such as mortality in patients admitted to an acute palliative care unit (APCU). Our second aim was to validate the Korean version of the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (K‐MDAS). Methods A total of 102 patients with advanced cancer, and who were admitted to the APCU, were assessed. Demographic data were collected alongside clinical diagnosis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, clinical symptoms according to the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS), history of smoking, alcohol use, hypnotic use, and daily dose of morphine were collected. The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), the Delirium Rating Scale‐Revised 98 (DRS‐R98), and the K‐MDAS were measured at admission and 1 week later. Results Twenty‐four patients (23.52%) were diagnosed with delirium, and associated factors were old age (p = 0.007), higher ECOG (p = 0.011), and drowsiness (p < 0.001). The presence of delirium was an independent predictor of 1‐month mortality; male gender, higher body mass index, and hypnotic use were also related to 1‐month mortality. The K‐MDAS had reliable internal consistency (α = 0.942) and showed sensitivity of 0.958 and specificity of 0.921 at the optimal cutoff score for diagnosing delirium of 9. Conclusions Delirium was prevalent in patients admitted to the APCU, and was associated with 1‐month mortality. The K‐MDAS showed acceptable reliability and validity and can be used to screen for delirium in a palliative care setting. - Psycho-Oncology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

--- - |2+ Abstract Background Evidence has shown that survivors of pediatric brain tumors have more negative psychological sequelae, particularly depression, than do survivors of other childhood cancers. This study examined the efficacy of a musical training program in reducing depressive symptoms, and enhancing self‐esteem and quality of life in Hong Kong Chinese pediatric brain tumor survivors. Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial, two‐group pretest and repeated post‐test, between‐subjects design was conducted to 60 pediatric brain tumor survivors (8‐ to 15‐year‐olds). Participants in the experimental group received a weekly 45‐minute lesson on musical training for 52 weeks. Participants in the control group received a placebo intervention. The primary outcome was depressive symptoms at 12 months. Secondary outcomes were self‐esteem and quality of life at 12 months. Data were collected at baseline, and 6 and 12 months after the intervention began. Results Participants in the experimental group reported statistically significant fewer depressive symptoms (P < .001), higher levels of self‐esteem (P < .001), and better quality of life (P < .001) than the control group at 12‐month follow‐up. Conclusions This study provides evidence that musical training is effective in reducing depressive symptoms, and enhancing self‐esteem and quality of life in Hong Kong Chinese pediatric brain tumor survivors. These results indicate that musical training is not only a leisure activity, but carries therapeutic effects in promoting psychological well‐being and quality of life in pediatric brain tumor survivors. - Psycho-Oncology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objective Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) in breast cancer survivors is suboptimal. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this study aimed to identify the strongest predictors from the TPB of AET intentions and past behavior and assessed whether ambivalence and anticipatory emotions increased the predictive capacity of TPB. Methods 280 women diagnosed with hormone positive (HR+) breast cancer who filled at least one prescription of AET responded to a survey measuring TPB constructs, attitudinal ambivalence, and anticipatory emotions. The outcomes were intentions to adhere to AET and past medication adherence (previous two weeks). Results The TPB explained 66% of intentions to adhere to AET (p<0.001). Ambivalence did not improve the TPB model's predictive value. When emotions were included with TPB, the model explained 70% of adherence intentions F(11,226)= 52.84, p <.001 (R2c= .70). This increase of 4% in predictability was statistically significant (ΔR2=0.04), F(6, 226)=7.90, p <.001. Women who self‐reported non‐adherence in the past two weeks differed significantly in the TPB variables, ambivalence, and anticipatory emotions from adherent women. Non‐adherent participants reported lower future intentions to adhere F (1, 236)=5.63, p=.018. Conclusions Results suggest key concepts, such as anticipatory positive emotions, that should be addressed in future interventions to enhance AET adherence and survivorship. - Psycho-Oncology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objective Specialized palliative care (SPC) interventions increasingly include patient–caregiver dyads, but their effects on dyadic coping are unknown. We investigated whether an SPC and dyadic psychological intervention increased aspects of dyadic coping in patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers, whether dyad characteristics moderated effects and whether aspects of dyadic coping mediated significant intervention effects on caregivers’ anxiety and depression. Methods We randomized 258 patients with incurable cancer and their caregivers to care as usual or accelerated transition from oncological treatment to home‐based SPC and dyadic psychological support. In secondary outcome analyses, using mixed‐effects models, we estimated intervention effects and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for communication of stress and common coping, and moderation by dyad type and demographics. In path analyses, we investigated whether stress communication and common coping mediated intervention effects on caregivers’ symptoms of anxiety and depression. (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01885637) Results The intervention significantly increased common coping in patients and caregivers in couples (estimated difference, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.11 to 1.24) and stress communication by partner caregivers (0.97; 0.24 to 1.24). We found some support for different intervention effects for spouses and other dyads, but no evidence of mediation. Conclusions SPC and dyadic psychological intervention may affect aspects of dyadic coping. Common coping and stress communication did not mediate the previously found significant intervention effects on caregiver anxiety and depression, indicating that other mechanisms may have been - Psycho-Oncology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

--- - |2 In “Are we smart enough to know how smart animals are?” de Waal (2016) summarizes field studies and experiments that demonstrate a huge number of examples of complex behavior in many animal species. His avowed aim is to challenge the views of both lay people and scientists about the limits of intelligence of other species and to demonstrate much closer similarity in the achievements of other species to those of humans, thus undermining claims of human uniqueness. His general explanatory scheme is to infer human‐like cognitive processes in other species to explain complex behavior, at least when this is supported by other evolutionary considerations. This review suggests how behavior analysis might explain some of the phenomena outlined by de Waal, indicates where its explanatory system may need to expand and develop to encompass a wider range of behavior, and points to similarities as well as differences between the explanatory scheme used by de Waal and that of behavior analysis. - Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, EarlyView.

--- - |2 This study explores how entrepreneurs develop human resources within their firms. Based on an analysis of interviews with entrepreneurs and new venture consultants, we describe entrepreneurs' human resources development (HRD) approaches. We found that entrepreneurs rely on networking and creativity, aim to leverage employees' interest and competencies, and allow cocreation by employees; current requirements and situational conditions shape entrepreneurs' HRD decisions. To elaborate on our findings, we draw on the distinction between causation and effectuation. We describe an entrepreneurial HRD process that combines both a causation‐based and an effectuation‐based HRD approach. - Human Resource Development Quarterly, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Abstract Acute mental stress is believed to induce transient arterial dysfunction, but relatively few data are available. We therefore examined the effect of mental stress tasks that could induce differential hemodynamic responses on arterial dysfunction. Forty‐eight participants conducted either a mental arithmetic (MA) task or a mirror‐tracing (MT) task. Cardiovascular indices and arterial stiffness were measured before, during, and after these tasks. Analysis revealed that increases in arterial stiffness during the task and during recovery were more pronounced for the MA than for the MT, and that evoked hemodynamic response was more myocardial for MA than for MT. These results clearly show that MA and MT tasks that induce differential hemodynamic responses have a differential effect on arterial stiffness. This finding sheds light on the underlying mechanism that may account for the relationship between cardiovascular reactivity and cardiovascular disease. - Japanese Psychological Research, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Abstract Objective: Although oncology social workers (OSWs) have emerged as a core profession in the provision of psychosocial services, there is a lack of empirical studies that describe their daily clinical work with next of kin (NOK). The overall aim of this study was to explore NOK's motives for consulting an OSW. This can provide us with insights into what types of skills OSWs need to have in order to fulfil their duties. Methods: From a nationwide survey, we used data from 54 NOK cases that Swedish OSWs met face to face. Results: About half of the motives concerned help in dealing with personal grief connected to the patients' cancer and distressing symptoms, while the other half concerned needs for help in dealing with the position of being the NOK, relationship conflicts, and assistance with socioeconomic issues. Conclusions: The motives show that NOK do not just ask for help to come to terms with distress related to the patient's situation. Based on the diversity of motives, we suggest that OSWs (at least in Sweden) need a broad education in counselling psychology. Furthermore, healthcare personnel need to be attentive to the NOK's own voice and not reduce it to the voice of the patient and the patient's needs in referrals. - Psycho-Oncology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

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--- - |2+ Abstract Objective To construct a model of shared decision making (SDM) about cancer treatment by conducting an extensive consultation of stakeholders, informed by the literature. Methods We interviewed 76 stakeholders: cancer patients, potential future patients, oncologists, nurses, and SDM‐researchers. We asked: “If I say ‘Doctors and patients making decisions together about cancer treatment’, what does this make you think about?”. Ideas were further solicited by presenting 19 cards each describing a possible SDM‐element. Interviews were inductively coded and analysed, and the emerging themes were integrated into a model. Results The model that was based on participants’ views, assigns specific roles in SDM to both oncologists and patients. Oncologists determine possible treatments; emphasise the importance of patients’ opinion; explain treatment options; get to know patients; guide patients; and provide treatment recommendations. Patients ask questions; express thoughts and feelings; consider options; offer opinions; and decide or delegate decisions to oncologists. Outside consultations patients search for information, prepare questions, and consider options. Conclusions Next to oncologists’ role, cancer patients also have a clear role in SDM about cancer treatment, during and outside consultations. Patients should receive the support they need to fulfil this requirement. - Psycho-Oncology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

--- - |2 Abstract Objectives: Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in high income countries (HICs) suggest that physical, emotional, and psychological needs are important in cancer care. To date, there have been few, inconsistent descriptions of PROs in low and middle income Asian countries. Using a standard questionnaire developed by the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM), we compared the perceived importance of PROs between patients in Malaysia and those in HICs, and between clusters of Malaysian women. Methods: Breast cancer patients were recruited from 3 Malaysian hospitals between June and November 2017. We compared the proportion of patients who rated PROs as very important (scored 7‐9 on a 9‐point Likert scale) between Malaysian patients and data collected from patients in HICs via the ICHOM questionnaire development process, using logistic regression. A two‐step cluster analysis explored differences in PROs among Malaysian patients. Results: The most important PROs for both cohorts were survival, overall well‐being and physical functioning. Compared to HIC patients (n=1,177), Malaysian patients (n=969) were less likely to rate emotional (78% vs 90%), cognitive (76% vs 84%), social (72% vs 81%) and sexual (30% vs 56%) functioning as very important outcomes (p<0.001). Cluster analysis suggests that older, parous Malaysian women, who were less likely to have received breast reconstructive surgery, were more likely to rate body image and satisfaction with the breast as very important outcomes. Conclusion: Taking into account the differences in PROs by cultural and socio‐economic settings could improve patient expectation of services and refine the assessment of cancer care outcomes. - Psycho-Oncology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

--- - |2 Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating and moderating roles of resilience on the relationship between perceived stress and depression among heroin addicts. A total of 138 heroin addicts completed the measures of perceived stress, resilience, and depression. Correlation analysis indicated that perceived stress was positively associated with depression. Resilience was negatively correlated with perceived stress and depression. Mediation analysis revealed that resilience partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and depression. However, resilience did not moderate the influence of perceived stress on depression. These findings might provide a better understanding of the mental health among heroin addicts. - Journal of Community Psychology, EarlyView.

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--- - |2 Attention bias is associated with a broad range of emotional disorders. Because of its transportability, attention bias modification (ABM) training can be administered outside of the laboratory; however, some evidence suggests that ABM training may be less effective when conducted in the individual's natural environment. The aim of this study was to examine factors that might account for the attenuated effects of attentional bias (AB) when assessed remotely. One hundred fifty‐eight undergraduate psychology students completed the Emotional Stroop Task on two occasions – once in the laboratory and once remotely. To help disentangle the influences of emotional state and location on attention bias, participants were randomized to view either an emotionally provocative clip or an emotionally neutral clip prior to completing the emotional Stroop task. Results showed evidence of an attentional bias only in the laboratory, among participants in the neutral emotion condition (b = –19.67, P = .008, 95% CI [–34.18, –5.15]). Exploratory analyses revealed that emotion provocation was associated with attentional bias among individuals with greater symptoms of depression, but only remotely (b = –15.70, P = 0.046, 95% CI [–31.15, –0.25]). These findings suggest that caution should be used when conducting attention bias research remotely. Limitations and future directions are discussed. - Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Abstract This study examined the effect on positive and negative emotions in Japanese college students of mentally subtracting grateful events. Participants (N = 62) were randomly assigned to one of the following three conditions: (a) writing with surprise the ways that a positive thing or event might never have happened or might never have been part of life (the mentally subtracting a present good [MS] group), (b) writing without surprise the ways in which a positive thing or event happened easily or was certain to become a part of life (the counting gratitude group), and (c) no writing control. The results of analysis of variance showed that the MS group experienced significantly increased positive emotion and decreased negative emotion between pre‐test and post‐test. Furthermore, the MS group showed significantly greater positive emotion than the control group at post‐test. Surprise mediated the effects of the MS group intervention on positive emotion but not on negative emotion. Issues related to gratitude induction and mediation of surprise are discussed. - Japanese Psychological Research, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Abstract The results of existing research indicate higher levels of visuospatial and pattern recognition abilities in experts in the game of Go compared to novices. However, the tasks included in the research have been focused only on Go‐game situations. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that experts in the game of Go would achieve higher scores, compared to novices, on behavioral tests measuring visuospatial abilities and that pattern recognition tests would be a predictor of group membership (experts, low‐skill players, novices). We consider that the game of Go can be treated as a special case of tasks related to visuospatial abilities and pattern recognition. Sixty men participated in the study, including 17 experts in the game of Go, 13 low‐skill players, and 30 novices. The results of behavioral tests—the advanced version of Raven's Progressive Matrices and the APIS‐Z Test's Visuospatial Abilities subscale, which measure pattern recognition and visuospatial abilities, respectively—confirmed the hypotheses. - Japanese Psychological Research, EarlyView.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objectives To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and sexual functioning in gynaecologic cancer patients. To determine the association between socio‐economic deprivation and sexual functioning. Methods This is a prospective cohort study on women undergoing surgery for suspected or proven gynaecological cancer between September 2014 and February 2016 in the Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust. Patients were invited to participate by completing the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) at three time points: preoperative, 3 months postoperative, and 1 year postoperative. A semiparametric model of the FSFI score was used to establish the association between BMI and sexual functioning. Results A total of 257 patients were approached of which 166 patients were included. Fifty‐two patients (33.8%) were overweight (BMI, 25‐29.9 kg/m2), 44 (28.6%) were obese (BMI, 30‐39.9 kg/m2), and a further 20 (13.0%) morbidly obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2). Overweight and obese women reported improved sexual functioning compared with normal‐weight women in endometrial, ovarian, and vulvar cancers. Among cervical cancer, worse sexual functioning was seen in women with an increased BMI; however, this was not significant. Younger age was associated with improved sexual function, and sexual functioning was better postoperatively for all patients compared with preoperatively. There was no evidence of relationship between deprivation and sexual functioning in gynaecological cancer patients. Conclusion Higher BMI is associated with improved sexual functioning in endometrial, ovarian, and vulvar cancer; however, this was not seen in cervical cancer patients. There is no evidence of correlation between deprivation and sexual functioning. - Psycho-Oncology, EarlyView.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objective To systematically review findings of the impact of cancer diagnosis and treatment on mothers' psychological well‐being, roles, and identity and to explore the psychosocial factors that contribute to mothers' psychological well‐being. Methods Six databases were searched for research articles and theses exploring the association between the impact of cancer diagnosis and treatment on mothers' psychological well‐being, identity, and role, and the psychosocial factors contributing to mothers' psychological distress regardless of their cancer type and stage. The Mixed‐Method Appraisal Bias Tool was used to assess the selected studies' methodological quality. Results A total of 30 qualitative, quantitative, and mixed‐method studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. Most studies reported that mothers experienced significant psychological distress, changes to or loss of parenting efficacy, maternal identity, and role. Psychosocial factors that contributed to mothers' distress included mothers' young age, presence of metastases, lower parenting efficacy, fear of cancer recurrence, higher illness intrusiveness, and lack of appropriate support. Four main themes emerged from the qualitative studies: psychological impact of cancer on mothers, changes in maternal identity and role, relationship changes and concerns for their children, and meaning‐making in cancer experience. Conclusions Changes in mothers' psychological well‐being, role, and identity occurred across cancer diagnoses, treatment, and recovery trajectories. The evidence suggests that mothers may benefit from continued and tailored psychosocial support to cope with these challenges, even after treatment is completed. Further studies with improved methodological quality are needed to explore these issues in depth. - Psycho-Oncology, EarlyView.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objective Young adult (YA) cancer survivors who received gonadotoxic therapy are at risk for impaired fertility and/or childbearing difficulties. This study explored the experiences and financial concerns of survivors pursuing family building through assisted reproductive technology (ART) and adoption. Methods Retrospective study of data collected from grant applications for financial assistance with family building. Grounded theory methodology using an inductive data‐driven approach guided qualitative data analysis. Results Participants (N = 46) averaged 32 years old (SD = 3.4) were primarily female (81%) and married/partnered (83%). Four main themes were identified representing the (1) emotional experiences and (2) financial barriers to family building after cancer, (3) perceived impact on partners, and (4) disrupted life trajectory. Negative emotions were pervasive but were balanced with hope and optimism that parenthood would be achieved. Still, the combination of high ART/adoption costs, the financial impact of cancer, and limited sources for support caused extreme financial stress. Further, in the face of these high costs, many survivors reported worry and guilt about burdening partners, particularly as couples failed to meet personal and societal expectations for parenthood timelines. Conclusion After cancer, YAs face numerous psychosocial and financial difficulties in their pursuits of family building when ART/adoption is needed to achieve parenthood. Survivors interested in future children may benefit from follow‐up fertility counseling post‐treatment including discussion of ART options, surrogacy, and adoption, as appropriate, and potential barriers. Planning for the financial cost and burden in particular may help to avoid or mitigate financial stress later on. - Psycho-Oncology, EarlyView.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objective The study aimed to assess cancer patients' use of psychological care and its correlates in a large sample of cancer patients in Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCCs) in Germany. Methods In a multicenter study in Germany, cancer patients with various diagnoses were evaluated for self‐reported use of psychological support. We measured psychological distress, depression and anxiety, quality of life, and social support with standardized questionnaires and analyzed its association with the utilization of psychological care using multivariable logistic regression. This paper focuses on a cross‐sectional analysis of the data assessed during inpatient care. Results Three thousand fifty‐four (50%) of hospitalized patients were asked for participation, and n = 1632 (53.6%) participated. We were able to analyze n = 1,398 (45.9%) patients. Three hundred ninety‐seven (28.4%) of the sample utilized psychological support. Users of psychological care were significantly younger than nonusers (odds ratio [OR]: 0.967, P < 0.001) and were more often female (OR: 1.878, P < 0.001), whereas educational level was not associated with the use of psychological care. In the multivariable analysis, effects on the use of psychological care were observed for Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) anxiety (OR: 1.106, P = 0.001) and both subscales of the 12‐item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐12) quality of life measure (mental, OR: 0.97, P = 0.002; physical, OR: 0.97, P = 0.002). Conclusion Psychological distress and anxiety are higher, and quality of life is lower in users of psychological care in comparison with nonusers during inpatient cancer treatment. Although psychooncological services should be provided to all patients who need them, special efforts should be made to reach populations that report low utilization. - Psycho-Oncology, EarlyView.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objective This study evaluated a three‐session acceptance‐based cognitive‐behavioral intervention (CBT‐ACT) targeting a common symptom cluster in advanced cancer – worry‐insomnia‐depression‐fatigue. Methods Twenty‐eight patients with advanced cancers were randomly assigned to the CBT‐ACT intervention or waitlist. At pre‐intervention, participants completed a psycho‐diagnostic interview, standardized questionnaires, and a sleep diary. Intervention and waitlist groups were re‐assessed after six weeks, at which point the waitlist group completed the intervention. Results Participants receiving the intervention demonstrated improved sleep efficiency (p = 0.0062, d = 1.08), sleep latency (p = 0.028, d = ‐0.86), insomnia severity (p = 0.0047, d = ‐1.18), and worry (p = 0.026, d = 0.89) compared to waitlist controls. They also demonstrated a 7‐point reduction on depression (p = 0.03, d = ‐0.88), reduced hyperarousal (p = 0.005, d = ‐1.51), and a decrease in distress (p = 0.032, d = ‐0.83). Effects were maintained for the whole sample in sensitivity analyses. Effects on uncertainty intolerance approached significance (p = 0.058). No effect was found on fatigue. Conclusions The CBT‐ACT group performed significantly better than the waitlist control group. CBT‐ACT yielded strong effects for worry, sleep, depression, emotional distress, total distress, and hyperarousal. Future studies will enhance the fatigue and uncertainty tolerance components of the intervention. - Psycho-Oncology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.

--- - - Psychophysiology, Volume 55, Issue 11, November 2018.

--- - |2 Free and open‐source software for applying models of operant demand called the Demand Curve Analyzer (DCA) was developed and systematically evaluated for use in research. The software was constructed to streamline the use of recommended screening measures, prepare suitable scaling parameters, fit one of several models of operant demand, and provide publication‐quality figures. The DCA allows users to easily import price and consumption data into spreadsheet‐based controls and to perform statistical modeling with the aid of a graphical user interface. The results from computer simulations and reanalyses of published study data indicated that the DCA provides results consistent with commercially available software that has been traditionally used to apply these analyses (i.e., GraphPadTM Prism). Further, the DCA provides additional functionality that other statistical packages do not include. Practical issues and future directions related to the determination of scaling parameter k, screening for nonsystematic data, and the incorporation of more advanced behavioral economic methods are also discussed. - Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Abstract The risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) increases with the number of traumatic event types experienced (trauma load) in interaction with other psychobiological risk factors. The NOTCH (neurogenic locus notch homolog proteins) signaling pathway, consisting of four different trans‐membrane receptor proteins (NOTCH1–4), constitutes an evolutionarily well‐conserved intercellular communication pathway (involved, e.g., in cell–cell interaction, inflammatory signaling, and learning processes). Its association with fear memory consolidation makes it an interesting candidate for PTSD research. We tested for significant associations of common genetic variants of NOTCH1–4 (investigated by microarray) and genomic methylation of saliva‐derived DNA with lifetime PTSD risk in independent cohorts from Northern Uganda (N1 = 924) and Rwanda (N2 = 371), and investigated whether NOTCH‐related gene sets were enriched for associations with lifetime PTSD risk. We found associations of lifetime PTSD risk with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2074621 (NOTCH3) (puncorrected = 0.04) in both cohorts, and with methylation of CpG site cg17519949 (NOTCH3) (puncorrected = 0.05) in Rwandans. Yet, none of the (epi‐)genetic associations survived multiple testing correction. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed enrichment for associations of two NOTCH pathways with lifetime PTSD risk in Ugandans: NOTCH binding (pcorrected = 0.003) and NOTCH receptor processing (pcorrected = 0.01). The environmental factor trauma load was significant in all analyses (all p < 0.001). Our integrated methodological approach suggests NOTCH as a possible mediator of PTSD risk after trauma. The results require replication, and the precise underlying pathophysiological mechanisms should be illuminated in future studies. - Psychophysiology, EarlyView.

--- - |2 A multivariate analysis is concerned with more than one dependent variable simultaneously. Models that generate event records have a privileged status in a multivariate analysis. From a model that generates event records, we may compute predictions for any dependent variable associated with those event records. However, because of the generality that is afforded to us by these kinds of models, we must carefully consider the selection of dependent variables. Thus, we present a conditional compromise heuristic for the selection of dependent variables from a large group of variables. The heuristic is applied to McDowell's Evolutionary Theory of Behavior Dynamics (ETBD) for fitting to a concurrent variable‐interval schedule in‐transition dataset. From the parameters obtained from fitting ETBD, we generated predictions for a wide range of dependent variables. Overall, we found that our ETBD implementation accounted well for various flavors of the log response ratio, but had difficulty accounting for the overall response rates and cumulative reinforcer effects. Based on these results, we argue that the predictions of our ETBD implementation could be improved by decreasing the base response probabilities, either by increasing the response latencies or by decreasing the sizes of the operant classes. - Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Resurgence refers to the recurrence of a previously reinforced response following the worsening of reinforcement conditions (e.g., extinction) for an alternative response. Because of the implications for treatment relapse, researchers have become particularly interested in mitigating resurgence of human behavior. Some studies have employed reversal designs and varied parameters across replications (e.g., ABCADC) to compare effects of second‐phase variables. Although resurgence is generally repeatable within and between subjects, the extent to which similar levels of resurgence occur across replications is less clear. To assess the repeatability of resurgence, we conducted a secondary analysis of 62 human‐operant data sets using ABCABC reversal designs from two laboratories in the United States. We found significant reductions in the magnitude of resurgence during the second exposure to extinction relative to the first exposure when all other phase variables were held constant. These results suggest that researchers should exercise caution when using within‐subject, across‐phase replications to compare resurgence between variable manipulations with human participants. - Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, EarlyView.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objective The objective of the study is to test a model in which perceived loss of dignity and control are proposed, along with symptoms of depression and functional impairment, as risk factors for the wish to hasten death (WTHD) in advanced cancer patients. Methods This was a cross‐sectional study of 193 patients in an oncology unit. Outcome measures included perceived control, performance status, symptoms of depression, perceived dignity, and the WTHD. Structural equation modeling was performed. Results Structural equation modeling showed that perceived loss of control (−0.402) and functional impairment (−0.21) were risk factors for perceived loss of dignity. Loss of control (−0.385) and functional impairment (−0.283) were also risk factors for symptoms of depression. Perceived loss of dignity and symptoms of depression were the most proximal determinants of the WTHD, on which they had a direct, positive, and significant effect (0.246 and 0.209, respectively). Therefore, both symptoms of depression and perceived loss of dignity independently predicted the WTHD and mediated the effects of perceived loss of control and functional impairment on this wish. Conclusions The hypothesized model provides evidence for the impact of the four aforementioned factors on the WTHD. Our results suggest that personalized care plans which are able to enhance the sense of dignity and control among advanced cancer patients could help to reduce the likelihood or intensity of a WTHD. - Psycho-Oncology, EarlyView.

--- - |2+ Abstract Objective Malays comprise an Asian cultural group reported to have low breast cancer screening uptake rates and poor cancer outcomes. Little is known about Malay cultural factors influencing beliefs and practice of cancer screening and genetic testing. Our study aims to explore health beliefs of Malay women around breast cancer screening and genetic testing. Methods We conducted focus groups among healthy English‐speaking Malay women in Singapore, aged 40 to 69 years, using a structured guide developed through literature review, expertise input and participant refinement. Thematic analysis was conducted to extract dominant themes representing key motivators and barriers to screening and genetic testing. We used grounded theory to interpret results and derive a framework of understanding, with implications for improving uptake of services. Results Five focus groups (four to six participants per group) comprising 27 women were conducted to theme saturation. Major themes were (a) spiritual and religious beliefs act as barriers towards uptake of screening and genetic testing; (b) preference for traditional medicine competes with Western medicine recommendations; (c) family and community influence health‐related decisions, complexed by differences in intergenerational beliefs creating contrasting attitudes towards screening and prevention. Conclusions Decisions to participate in breast cancer screening and genetic testing are influenced by cultural, traditional, spiritual/religious, and intergenerational beliefs. Strategies to increase uptake should include acknowledgement and integration of these beliefs into counseling and education and collaboration with key influential Malay stakeholders and leaders. - Psycho-Oncology, EarlyView.

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--- - |2 Abstract Linked fate, or connection to the Black community, may be a pathway to engagement in social justice action for Black liberation. The purpose of this study is to understand the role of racial identity on Black queer youths’ orientation toward Black activism. We used hierarchical linear regression to examine relationships between dimensions of racial identity and Black activism orientation among 142 queer‐identified youth. We found that racial centrality and racial ideologies predicted high‐risk activism orientation. Additionally, assimilationist ideology moderated the relationship between racial centrality and high‐risk activism orientation. The degree to which Black queer youth feel race is central to their self‐concept relates with their intent to engage in Black activism. These findings demonstrate that racial ideologies matter distinctively to activism orientation and offer that perception of risk nuances linked fate as a pathway to activism for Black queer youth. - Journal of Community Psychology, EarlyView.

--- - |2 Abstract Drawing on a 2‐year community‐based participatory research project, and grounded in the theories of positive psychology, this article examines the effects of targeted educational support on refugee participants’ psychological capital (PsyCap)–hope, self‐efficacy, resilience, and optimism–as well as life satisfaction. Two groups of participants attended a 14‐week trauma‐informed, educational support program in 2 consecutive sessions. The program was designed in collaboration with George Brown College, the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Wellesley Institute, and the Canadian Centre for Victims of Torture. The study aimed to understand the link between psychological capital and life satisfaction among refugees. Findings show that the participants’ psychological capital–particularly PsyCap‐resilience and PsyCap‐optimism–improved consistently, which in turn was reflected in the participants’ improved life satisfaction. The result also indicated a relationship between the four main characteristics of psychological capital and life satisfaction. We conclude that these indications of a potential positive association between refugees’ psychological capital and life satisfaction should be further examined. - Journal of Community Psychology, EarlyView.