--- - |2 Abstract I intend to study three characteristics of deeply divided societies that hinder consociationalism: ethnurgy (politicization of ethnic identities), mobilization, memory and trauma. My argument is that consociational practices may be hampered by non‐structural elements, which is a breakaway from the classical study of consociationalism which focuses on institutional functions and external actors. By studying consociationalism from this new dimension, I intend to show that internal factors are critical in understanding the threats and pressure of any consociational arrangement, in an attempt to create better power sharing arrangements and/or improve the existing consociational provisions in deeply divided societies. - 'Nations and Nationalism, EarlyView. '